Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), commonly known as baking soda, is a white, crystalline powder with mild alkaline properties. It is widely used in food and baking as a leavening agent, and in pharmaceuticals, fire extinguishers, cleaning products, and pH control in water treatment. It releases carbon dioxide when heated or mixed with acids, making it useful for neutralization reactions. Non-toxic and environmentally safe, sodium bicarbonate is valued for its versatility in both household and industrial applications.